President Reagan Vs. Ronald Reagan - 2001 Words

Question 2 Our current United State s president has a unique, magical, presidential gift of communication paired with strong president achievements. This special gift is something we saw 28 years ago in another president that America admired just as much and that was President Ronald Reagan. Barack Obama in certain occasions has been compared to Ronald Reagan, by having very similar leadership styles. However, since I was not born yet during Ronald Reagan s time in office, I am solely basing my inferences through the knowledge I have gained while studying about him in this class. My view on both of them as presidents has been shaped by how history recorded it to be. And let’s be real, can you name any other presidents of the past 50 years with more things named after them? From roads to schools to highways, naming something after Ronald Reagan is common seen just as Kim Kardashian is seen wearing something flashy in today s society. Both sides of the political spectrum have m ade Obama and Reagan into heroes. Obama was a charming politician with a stunning family and new agenda when coming into the office. He was a breath of fresh political air, ushering in a new way of thinking about the Malhotra 2 possibilities of our country. In real meaning, Obama offered optimism for a change in the path of our country...sounds a lot familiar doesn t it? President Barack Obama has been associated with the term of striving, self-assured, gracious, selfless, andShow MoreRelatedThe Changing American Culture Essay1324 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneration . The vast differences in the administrations and policies of Barack Obama and Ronald Reagan, show the radical changes that have occurred in American culture over the last generation. Unlike many previous presidents, Ronald Reagan viewed government and regulation as the source of our economic problems and not the solution. According to Peter Ferrara in â€Å"Reaganomics vs Obamanomics† Ronald Reagan said in his speech during his first inauguration â€Å" In this present crisis governmentRead MoreRonald Reagan: a True American Hero1204 Words   |  5 PagesReagan: A True American Hero We will continue our quest in space. There will be more flights and more space shuttle crews. And, yes, more volunteers. -Ronald Reagan Ronald Reagan, viewed by some as a true American hero, was as stupendous as presidents can be. His dramatic speeches and down-to-earth personality made people proud to be American. Ronald Reagan seemed more then American. He was a patriot. Ronald Reagan cared deeply for the American people as well at their valuesRead More ronald reagan: a true american hero Essay example1180 Words   |  5 Pages Reagan: A True American Hero† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"We will continue our quest in space. There will be more flights and more space shuttle crews. And, yes, more volunteers.† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;-Ronald Reagan nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ronald Reagan, viewed by some as a true American hero, was as stupendous as presidents canRead MoreCase Study : Agostini Vs. Felton 825 Words   |  4 PagesKolbe Perez and Kevin Smith Mr. Falcone Government 8 December 2016 Agostini vs. Felton Summary of Facts of the Case: The federal district court ruled against New York City about the appeal to allow public school teachers to provide instruction to students in parochial schools. The Court interpreted the Establishment Clause as a strict separation between religion and government affairs. The parochial school board, and some parents brought this case to the Supreme Court to seek review. The outcomeRead MoreComparative Analysis of Woodrow Wilson vs. Ronald Reagan1631 Words   |  7 PagesComparative Analysis of Woodrow Wilson vs. Ronald Reagan Two American Presidents, both very influential in their time and both having had a great impact on history are Ronald Reagan and Woodrow Wilson. Both Presidents were advocates of peace even though they would not have hesitated to enter into a war if war was needed to insure the safety of the United States and Democracy as a whole. By use of small wars and political pressures both Reagan and Wilson, with the exception of Wilsons enteringRead MoreBest Vs. Worst Communicators967 Words   |  4 PagesBest vs. Worst Communicators Throughout history the careers of prominent men and women have been elevated or destroyed by the way they communicate a message to their particular audience. Looking at the best versus worst communicators two people come to mind, former United States President Ronald Reagan and the former Chief Executive Officer of British Petroleum (BP) Tony Hayward, respectively. Both of these men exhibited certain attributes that affected the way that audiences received the messagesRead MorePresident Reagan And The Soviet Union1249 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the cold war era, President Reagan’s strong anti-Soviet feelings and rhetorical â€Å"attack† style was an approach that his own administration saw as extreme and even dangerous (Rowland, p 23). And unlike many American leaders before him, who avoided the strained relations between the United States and Soviet Union, President Reagan set out to exploit and end communist tyranny. President Reagan’s devotion to ending tyr anny was stronger than any other leader during the time period. For exampleRead MoreWhy did Jimmy Carter win the presidential contest in 1976 and yet lose to Ronald Reagan only four years later?1028 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Why did Jimmy Carter win the presidential contest in 1976 and yet lose to Ronald Reagan only four years later? Carter took the presidency with several issues that needed resolving, such as rising inflation and unemployment, a country disillusioned with the political system and turbulent foreign relations. To determine the reasons why he was successful in 1976 but not in 1980, it is necessary to look at what his successes and failures were, as well as the different situations in 1976 and 1980Read MoreDrift by Rachel Maddow Essays1157 Words   |  5 Pagesparachute. Drift starts with Thomas Jefferson and his distrust of the standing army. Seven pages later, we’re in the thick of Vietnam, and Maddow’s making the case that Lyndon B. Johnson changed the rules for American armed conflict. Unlike presidents before him, LBJ refused to call up the U.S. Army Reserve and the National Guard to fight his war, mostly because â€Å"he didn’t want to get Congress and the rest of the country all het up and asking too many questions.† Maddow has two problems withRead MoreVisionary Leader And Ethical Leader1923 Words   |  8 Pageshas been proven useful for those that strive to become visionary and ethical leaders. This is especially true for the great Ronald Reagan. The combination of a highly admirable ethics, and great visionary accomplishments has made Ronald Reagan one of the most important American Presidents and leaders in history. This essay will give a better understanding of why Ronald Reagan was a visionary leade r, to include specific examples of his visionary leadership traits. Then an examination of why he is

Mental Health And The Lgbt Community - 1665 Words

Introduction There have been many studies on mental health in the LGBT community. With more people being open about their sexual orientation, the LGBT community has become a bigger target for those individuals who create difference between groups to justify discrimination of a particular group. The discrimination towards the LGBT community has caused problems for individuals in the community, mental health being among the biggest problem. Studies have shown that the discrimination of LGBT individuals can affect mental health. Not only are there various laws that deny same sex marriage but according to there are government benefits that favor the traditional family over a non-traditional. Due to discrimination lesbians and bisexuals are more likely to be at risk for mental disorders compared to heterosexuals (Cochran and Mays 2003). Mental health issues are not only seen in the adult LGBT community but in the youth LGBT. Studies suggest that mental health disparities can exist durin g adolescence (Mustanski et al. 2010). The purpose of this review is to show that the LGBT community is at higher risk for mental health disorders and psychological distress. This review will show that discrimination among the LGBT community is linked to the risk of mental health disorders and psychological distress and also demonstrate that lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth have high levels of emotional distress. This paper will investigate mental health and discrimination focusing onShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Mental Health of Individuals in the LGBT community3244 Words   |  13 PagesThe mental health of individuals in the LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered) community is something that is a serious problem. For most of the history of the United States and many different parts of the world LGBT people faced much persecution and in some cases even death. This constant fear of discovery and the pressure that one feels on oneself when â€Å"in the closet† can lead t o major mental distress. Research has shown that people who identify as LGBT are twice as likely to develop lifetimeRead MoreMy Sage Process, And The Lgbt Community, Mental Health Issues, Treatment Options1282 Words   |  6 Pagesprofession. More people are living longer now and the Baby Boomer generation are starting to get older (McInnis-Dittrich, 2014). Throughout the class we learned a lot about different topics such as gerontology in hospital settings, the LGBT community, mental health issues, treatment options, and more. One of the interventions that I have learned is effective for elders is Reminiscence Therapy. According to McInnis-Dittrich (2014), this is a theory that lets the elder look back on positive. AccordingRead MoreGay, Lesbian, Bisexual And Transgendered Youth ( Lgbt )1610 Words   |  7 Pagesamong lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered youth (LGBT). This research will identify the different types of discrimination that affect LGBT students, grades 9 through 12, and the mental health impacts discrimination has on LGBT youth. The data provided is from a school-based, empirical survey conducted in 2009 by Joanna Almeida, Renee M. Johnson, Heather L. Corliss, Beth E. Molnar and Deborah Azrael. Their survey measured the number of LGBT youth in Boston, Massachusetts, during the 2008-2009Read MoreHomelessness Is An Epidemic That Plagues Many People Across The United States1142 Words   |  5 Pagesliving homeless can become especially difficult. Young people of the LGBT community are being put out of their homes, rejected by their families, and shunned by their communities in which they live because of their sexual orientation, something that they themselves have no choice over. This is because of prejudices that are put out by the community as a whole. It is difficult enough growing up as part of a minority group such as the LGBT group, but add homelessness into the equation, there becomes otherRead MoreA Research Study On The Lgbt Community965 Words   |  4 Pages(Disparity, 2015). Therefore, when relating this idea to the healthcare system, many despaired populations have several health disparities as well, meaning they are at a disadvantage when attempting to access proper healthcare. One population in specific that is despaired due to many components is the Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, and Bisexual community, commonly referred to a LGBT. This population is mixed with individuals of various race, gender, income and many other qualities and was created dueRead MoreLgbt Individuals Access And Experiences With Their Identity1490 Words   |  6 PagesLGBT individuals access and experiences with services may be affected by their identity. Fredrikesen-Goldsen et al. (2014) stated, â€Å"In addition to discrimination in the larger s ociety, LGBT older adults experience both overt and covert discrimination in health and human service settings. Discrimination within healthcare systems is a significant predictor of poor mental and physical health† (p. 93). In addition, due to ageism and heterosexism older LGBT individuals have less resources and servicesRead MoreOverview Of The LGBTQ Community914 Words   |  4 Pagesorientation, face a number of unique health related challenges as they age. Amongst those challenges are increased isolation, stigma, and loss of cognitive functioning (Hoy-Ellis, Ator, Kerr Milford, 2016). In this essay I have chosen to write on this topic and conducted a literature search on EBSCOhost using the search terms ‘LGBTQ’ and ‘aging.’ The following is based on the article, â€Å"Innovative approaches addressing aging and mental health needs in LGBTQ communities† (Hoy-Ellis, Ator, Kerr MilfordRead MoreReasons For Choice And Refinement Of Question17 14 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscrimination on the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) community’s mental health, because I find this topic interesting and I know a few LGBT people who are afraid to be themselves because of this discrimination and the effects it can have. I have been exposed to the issues this community faces from news stories about gay rights and protests to support gay marriage in Australia. I have always wondered how many people in the LGBT community experienced prejudice by others and have decided theRead MoreA Sense Of Hopelessness And Sufferance Therapy753 Words   |  4 PagesAlena Neumann expresses her feelings about health care and its’ under reported gaps in mental health services for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) population. Many LGBT persons experience a life of torment and cruelty which leads to adverse outcomes that commonly begin during adolescence and transpire into adulthood. Dating back to the 1950s and 196 0s, LGBT persons were thought by mental health professionals to be suffering from a mental illness; solely due to their sexual identityRead MoreThe Discrimination Or Prejudicial Treatment Against Homosexual Believing That Heterosexuality Is The Normal Sexual Orientation945 Words   |  4 Pagesis the normal sexual orientation. LGBT(Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual) community has suffered from heterosexism for many decades. This is growing rapidly around the country. Homosexuals have been excluded from jobs, denied benefits, discriminated at school, discriminated within their religion, not being accepted in their town or country and in public places in general. As evidence suggests the LGBT community suffers from many problems ranging from mental health to suicidal thoughts and laws that

Gurram Session Assignment Free Essays

Sham C Grams Question I-Discuss how either good or poor quality affects you personally as a consumer. For instance, describe experiences in which your expectations were met, exceeded, or not met you purchased goods or services. Did your experience change your regard for the organization and/or its product? How? Response- When you consider a product or service the top notch factor that falls into consideration is Quality, be it anything from Pen in a students hand to a rocket on its way to mars should have a quality standard in order to survive. We will write a custom essay sample on Gurram Session Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Quality may be in good or bad standard, depending upon the type of quality of the product or service provided one may personally change his idea or thought about the product. In my personal opinion I had both good and worse experiences of the products I used. Among many products I use I always look for the good quality product or service pay for. Experience 1- I am totally a gadget freak and put myself more into collecting electronic wonders and smart phones. I bought a Sony smart phone worth 450$ back in hose time when one would hardly know what is an android phone, since Sony is way fast in releasing the smart phone’s with android O. S thought to buy one for myself. I bought an Experts XSL worth 450$ and started using it. Everything was good until 5 months I really liked the phone and used to proudly display as my costly gadget, then one day Sony released a software upgrade for the phone and wanted me to update. Updated my device and it started to restart automatically, called up the customer support guys and hey proved no help to me. I tried contacting them several times but still no use finally the device stopped to start permanently and when mailed Sony about the issue they say that the device is out of warranty on the date when I send them a mail. Finally decide to start negative propaganda about Sony and still doing it. I will never ever recommend someone to Sony gadgets. Experience 2- I never shop online basically, one day I decided to give a try. I thought to buy a shirt from eBay. Com online store, went online and selected shirt for myself and then bought it with a scary thought about the quality of the product, surprisingly the quality of the shirt is great and am highly satisfied with the quality and the service provided by the online shopping giant. They also provided me a 15% discount for my next purchase. So from now on I would refer anyone to eBay. Com without having a second thought. Question 18- How can you internalize and practice quality at a personal level in your daily activities? Response- There is a wise saying that â€Å"If there is no Problem with the horse shoe, then he horse is good and if the horse is good than the race can be won easily†. If an individual follows quality and practice quality at personal level, he also puts the same practice at his work. Personal level quality practice includes like 1 . Completing tasks in given particular time 2. Reaching the desired destination on time 3. Time management 4. Personality development 5. Maintaining accuracy 6. Planning 7. Appearance All these factors fall in developing the quality in daily activities at individual level. How to cite Gurram Session Assignment, Papers

Reflective Writing Importance Of Negotiation †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reflective Writing Importance Of Negotiation. Answer: Reflection 1 In the book, Getting to Yes: Negotiating an agreement without giving in, Fisher and Ury lay stress on the importance of negotiation in an individuals life. Examples of the persons from different fields- lawyers, businesspersons, two strangers, union leaders and others are cited for enhancing the clarity of the readers regarding the issues, which needs negotiation for the fulfillment of the business purpose. Herein lays the appropriateness of the sentence, Negotiation is the basic means for getting what you want from others (Fisher, Ury and Patton 2011). The major drive behind negotiations is varied in different places. In workplace, negotiations and agreements are undertaken for strengthening the bondage between the personnel and the stakeholders. On the other hand, in personal life, negotiation connotes coping up and adjusting with the tensions, worries and quarrels, which are an inseparable part of every household. Here, I affirm with Fisher and Ury. The book is divided into three parts, which I think resembles with the stages involved in the process of negotiation. The first and the primary step is to identify and specify the problem for which negotiation is needed (Fisher, Ury and Patton 2011). Here, I agree with Fisher and Ury that if the position offered are argued, time for negotiation and achieving effective solutions are lost without the knowledge and information of the personnel. The second step is the excavation of appropriate means of negotiating. Again, my affirmation goes with Fisher and Ury in terms of inspiring the readers to set objectives for achieving success. Here, the focus needs to be on the wellbeing of the stakeholders rather than their positions. The third part of the book is the most important. This is because of the title, Yes, but.., which reflects the doubt of the personnel regarding the appropriateness, feasibility and effectiveness of the selected negotiation method (Fisher, Ury and Patton 2011). This is natural in terms of the psychological perceptive regarding the decisions, which they take in their life. Thinking that the other decisions might be powerful reflects the inferiority complex of the persons in terms of exercising their decision-making skills. The phrase, wont play refers to the hesitations and doubts regarding the ineffectiveness of the selected means of negotiation. They are the opposite parties, with whom negotiation is to be done. These doubts seem negligible if rationality is maintained in the undertaken standpoint (Fisher, Ury and Patton 2011). Reflection 2 The name of the book aligns with the effective and judicious utilization of technology in its present connotation. As a matter of specification, it does not really matter, how much technology has attained advancement; most important thing is its utilization. Herein lays the important of strategic planning, which has diminished presently. I feel if mere desktop computers, local and wide area networks, enterprise software and the internet could alter the scenario of the world, it would take just a little eagerness, willingness and rational thinking to incorporate strategic planning within the IT firms. Disputation in terms of technology being the backbone of commerce attains a negative connotation. Typical evidence in this direction are the apps, which has increased the convenience of the personnel to prepare the budgets automatically (Carr 2003). However, discovery of the advantages of internet has brought with it many disadvantages, which has made the advantages go into oblivion. This aggravates the risks of the IT firms, which adds into the dysfunctionality of computer systems. Consideration of the resources as essential to competition but inconsequential for strategy is a matured thought in terms of effective utilization of the systems for enhancing the productivity. If essential to competition is considered, I think the selfish mentality of the personnel in terms of grabbing the hot seat in the competitive ambience of the market, gets preference. This reflects negligence towards the strategic planning, confirming its insignificance in the business activities (Carr 2003). The previous sentence adds value to the fact that it really does not matter if strategic planning is not incorporated. On the contrary, if inconsequential to strategy is considered, the thoughts of securing the market position attain a backseat. Delving deep into the aspect, strategic planning helps the personnel to achieve successful completion of the tasks, which results in the achievement of large scale customer satisfaction, which, itself, secures the market position in the competitive ambience (Carr 2003). References Carr, N.G., 2003. IT doesn't matter.Educause Review,38, pp.24-38. Fisher, R., Ury, W.L. and Patton, B., 2011.Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in. Penguin. Peppard, J. and Ward, J., 2016.The strategic management of information systems: Building a digital strategy. John Wiley Sons. Vezzoli, C., Ceschin, F., Diehl, J.C. and Kohtala, C., 2015. New design challenges to widely implement Sustainable ProductService Systems.Journal of Cleaner Production,97, pp.1-12.

Business and technology free essay sample

The second issue centered on the impact of distance-delivery on the effectiveness of health care. The third issue involved a determination of the effects that the use of electronic communications have on health care delivery today. The fourth issue required a projection of the likely affects that the continued use of electronic communications will have on health care delivery. These interrelated issues are addressed in separate discussions in this paper. Electronic Communications as an External Delivery Mechanism When considering the ways in which electronic communications may be applied effectively as an external delivery mechanism in the communication of patient- pecific information, it is useful to first (a) identify the parties who will likely be involved in such interchanges and to (b) determine the types of information most likely to be exchanged. Further, depending upon of types of information likely to be exchanged it is also useful to consider how and in what form such information is developed (Committee on Redesigning Health Insurance Performance Measures, Payment, and Performance Improvement Programs, 2006; Committee on Public Health Strategies to Improve Health Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, 2012; World Health Organization, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Business and technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The party-pairs most likely to be involved in electronic communications exchanges are (a) provider-to-patient, (b) patient-to-provider, (c) provider-to-provider, and (d) provider-to-parties other than patients and other providers (Committee on Redesigning Health Insurance Performance Measures, Payment, and Performance Improvement Programs, 2006; Committee on Public Health Strategies to Improve Health Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, 2012; World Health Organization, 2008). In these instances especially so in provider-to-parties other than patients and other providers, the ssues of patient privacy and the integrity of patient-specific data must be an important tocal point (McGraw, 2 The types ot patient-specific intormation likely to be exchanged between providers and patients, regardless of the direction of the initial contract in such exchanges, are (a) patient symptoms and concerns, (b) provider care directions and queries to patients concerning their clinical conditions. The types of patient-specific information most likely to be exchanged among providers are (a) requests for the conduct of examinations and other procedures and b) consultations concerning the appropriate treatment protocols for specific patients. The types of patient-specific information most likely to be exchanged between providers and parties other than patients and other providers are (a) patient-specific data required by administrative personnel for scheduling and billing purposes and (b) patient specific data required by health care funders for purposes of specific treatment authorizations (Committee on Redesigning Health Insurance and Public Health Practice, 2012; World Health Organization, 2008).

Too Connected to Social Media Essay Example

Too Connected to Social Media Essay Example Too Connected to Social Media Essay Too Connected to Social Media Essay Essay Topic: Social Media Are we too connected? Last Monday was just an average Monday. My friend sent out a tweet about her new art show and so I wall posted her via facebook about the time and location in which she replied via a comment saying that she would give me a call. She followed up with a voicemail message and an invitation email, sent to my personal account of course. I then texted her telling of my availability and keenness to see her recent work. At the end of my Monday something occurred to me; actually it was more like I was slapped in the face by the hand of modern technology. I had seemingly been communicating all day and yet somehow connected with nobody. I myself am an avid enthusiast of the joys of modern technology so you can see why I did not absorb this epiphany with composure. Speaking as an 18-year-old girl whose middle school years were marked by the likes of MySpace I feel as if I am very well educated on the topic of digital communication. I have experienced first hand the infectious, consuming nature of social media sites. The internet allows me to instantly connect with my overseas relatives and at the same time sucks me into a vortex of procrastination. It would appear that somewhere between windows 98 and the ipad3 we as a society have manipulated ourselves into a constant state of flux; endlessly devoted to the idea that we must always be connected. Digital Libraian and fournder of the Internet Archive Brewster Kahle explains, â€Å"A lot of our brain, a lot of our worth to the world, a lot of our memories, are actually not in our heads anymore. Theyre actually in the Web, in the weave, in the interconnections, the friends that we can touch at a moments notice. Thats who makes us powerful. â€Å" It would appear that for most of us technology is no longer just a tool. It is a family photo album, it’s our workspace, it’s dinner with friends at six. Teenagers change their profile page to reflect their ever-changing adolescent identities. Mothers are swapping recipes and parenting advice online. Singles are reaching out, exposing who they are in search for love. Businessmen are uploading their resumes virtually in order to climb the corporate ladder. Technology has become inherent to the way in which we function daily. As this urgency to contact one another grows so to does the need to disconnect. Things are not as intimate as they once were. It would seem that we’re almost always in a public space even from the privacy of our homes. This idea that we are always connected is in reality a false problem. You can turn the switch off, unplug, shutdown and so on. When is the last time you went without a piece of technology? Why we do rely on technology like an emotional crutch, supporting our need to interact? Technology will continue to rapidly grow and so too will knew and wonderful ways to connect globally. With this we must train ourselves. It is a hard truth, but we do not need to know what everybody is doing at every point of the day. It is a matter of quality vs. quantity. Sometimes you have to step away from the faceless monitor, let your IPhone run flat, stop sharing life so candidly and instead enjoy the simplicities

Main Issues surrounding women in Sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Main Issues surrounding women in Sports - Essay Example However, there is also a belief that these screwed up views of female athletes are actually coming to an end in the 21.st century. One of the main issues that surround these female athletes is the way that these athletes are portrayed as sex objects instead of athletes in the media. The athletes prowess in the sport is often swept under the rug because they would rather present the women in an ambivalent light. Thereby not threatening the male athlete counterpart in terms of game knowledge and skill. If possible, these women are pictured as the girl next door or hyper-heterosexual in order to reinforce the traditional female roles of daughter, girlfriend, wife, and mother. But of all of these presentations, the worst two have to be the sexy babe and soft- porn images as depicted in the cover and article photo layouts in sports magazines. There is only one reason as to why the female sports players are presented in this manner and it has everything to do with gender equality and sexual orientation dynamics. For centuries, women have been viewed as the weaker sex and therefore, the second class citizens in their countries. Their influence in society is often limited by economic, social, and political institutions thereby suppressing the media images of women that do not depict them in anything more than feminine or sexual. The need to present women in a non-threatening manner to men (non-sports activity related) is the medias way of assuring those who may be affected by the female athletes success, that a woman can be athletic and excel in her sport of choice and yet remain traditional and fulfill her obligations as expected by society when not actively participating in her sport. Another problem faced by female athletes in their media portrayal is related to the nouns used to describe their mindset while in competition. Whereas men are introduced as young men or young men in order to

Individuals That Did Not Pull the Trigger Article

Individuals That Did Not Pull the Trigger - Article Example Four suspects have been accused of the murder of Max Gadau; a seventeen year old son to Atricia Gadau. Dzevad Avdic who is the fourth suspect planned for robbery. He did not have the intention to shoot or kill anyone in the scene. The initial cause of the murder was the stealing of marijuana. This means that the fourth suspect initialized events that led to the murder of Max. The suspect is guilty of murder. Another suspect is Ly, he aided in the identification of an easy target. He identified the girl as a weak point and suggested that she would corporate at gunpoint. He appeared on the scene of the murder making him guilty of murder. Ly’s case is a conspiracy issue only that he appeared in the murder scene. Had the girl corporated as expected by Ly, none of the shooting would occur.  Four suspects have been accused of the murder of Max Gadau; a seventeen year old son to Atricia Gadau. Dzevad Avdic who is the fourth suspect planned for robbery. He did not have the intention to shoot or kill anyone in the scene. The initial cause of the murder was the stealing of marijuana. This means that the fourth suspect initialized events that led to the murder of Max. The suspect is guilty of murder. Another suspect is Ly, he aided in the identification of an easy target. He identified the girl as a weak point and suggested that she would corporate at gunpoint. He appeared on the scene of the murder making him guilty of murder. Ly’s case is a conspiracy issue only that he appeared in the murder scene. Had the girl corporated as expected by Ly, none of the shooting would occur.   Myles Hughes was another suspect that did not pull the trigger. He only went inside the car with the rest of the suspects. He sat next to the fifth suspect, who pulled the trigger. His charge is that of conspiracy, as he did not expect the fifth suspect to pull the trigger. The shot girl would identify him as the person that acted as an accomplice to the theft. Nicholas Smith was the suspect who cooperated with the police at the time of the murder. The individual had the knowledge that the stealing of the marijuana was the only plot of the robbery. He had no plan of being involved in the robbery, happened to appear in the murder scene. There is no murder charge against him, because he did not have initiative to participate in the robbery.  

Perfect competition and the consumer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Perfect competition and the consumer - Essay Example Thus the firms within this market become price takers. Freedom of entry: The market has a number of firms hence the entry into this market is absolutely open to all as the existing firms are unable to stop the new entrants. This however affects the market in the long run as the time taken to start a new business is time consuming. Perfect Knowledge: In these types of markets the producers have complete knowledge of the market. The producers are aware of all the aspects of the market like the prices, quality, and availability of product. The different competitions in the market affect the consumers in a number of ways. Every market has a structure very different from the other and the affects on the consumer are varied. In the assumptions that are mentioned above, it is clear how the market functions. The effects of perfect competition markets are many. Consumers of this market have a variety of choice since the product that is produced within these markets is homogenous i.e. identical products (Corchon, 2001). This gives the customers a better variety of choice and the customers do not need to choose between brands. Also since the companies are price takers, the chances of the companies charging extra for the product is completely mitigated and consumers can be sure of the pricing of the products. Also in these markets the consumers are fully aware of the prices, quality and availability of goods and cannot be cheated. This gives the consumers an upper hand as they are completely aware of the market conditions and the products within the market. In the case of monopoly, there is only one firm in the market. This makes the firms price makers. In this type of market the consumers do not have a wide variety to choose from hence they require accepting whatever is available in the market. This type of market structure is not very beneficial to consumers since the choice of products is not available and the

Presentation on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Reflection

Presentation on Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Reflection INTRODUCTION As a part of my Overseas Nursing Programme, I had to conduct a seminar presentation on any topic of my interest in front of students. I was given the date of presentation. Knowledge expands through communication and presentation is a means of communication and best applicable when delivering knowledge to a group. Presentation means A speech or talk in which a new product, idea, or piece of work is shown and explained to an audience (Oxford dictionaries. 2014). The aim of any presentation is to motivate, to communicate, to persuade to inform, to teach or to help you express your ideas and get others to understand it(Bradbury, 2007). The content of your presentation have its own aim or purpose, normally its related to the outcomes you desire from the presentations communication. Before presenting ensure that you understand what your task is and the time available (Bradbury, 2007). During the presentation the speaker may use various aids of communication such as the audio visual aids li ke power point, graphs, various recordings. diagrams, flowcharts or models (Theobald, 2013). Reflective practices enables the health professional to bridge that gap between the theory and practice. Reflective practice is a process by which you stop and think about your practice, consciously analyse your decision making and draw on theory and relate it to what you do in practice (Jasper, 2003). Therefore I chose Gibbs model of reflection (1988) to reflect on my presentation. Gibbs model of reflection include six different steps which are Description, Feeling, Evaluation, Analysis, Conclusion and Action Plan (Gibbs, 1988). DESCRIPTION As a part of our Overseas Nursing Programme, we had to conduct a seminar presentation in the class in front of our batch mates. Presentation is a means of communication which can be used at various situations including a formal meeting, talk in a group or team briefing. (SkillsYouNeed (2014)). Seminar is a group meeting in which there is information or training given on a topic. Thus a seminar presentation is a method of communicating information on a topic. Selecting the topic was the toughest part. With the short time of presentation and considering the effective delivery of information, the topic of presentation had to be brief and simple. I chose Urinary Tract Infection as my topic of presentation as it was one of the most common condition seen in my area of practice. I did an extensive literature review for the topic to obtain wide data for my presentation. Aliterature review is the data obtained from scholarly paper, which consists of the most recent information including essential findings as well as methodological and theoretical contribution to a specific topic of interest (Baker, 2000). In my presentation, I included a brief description of UTI and stated that it is a type of infection which involves various parts of the urinary tract which includes the urethra, the bladder, the ureters and the kidneys (Amdekar, Singh and Singh, 2011). Urinary tract infections occur more commonly in women than men. Its estimated half of all wome n in the UK will have a UTI at least once in their life (Colgan and Williams, 2011). UTI diagnosis can be done via urine dip test and urine culture. Antibiotic treatment is necessary to clear the infection. Prevention being better than cure, good fluid intake and good personal hygiene can help reduce chances of getting urinary tract infection (Juthani-Mehta, et al. 2009). I also included in the content, how their behaviour was affected by this condition. I combined those with the practice and guidelines followed in the diagnosis and treatment in the UK and prepared the slides. I used power point technology to perform my presentation using texts, pictures and graphs. I used simple language and included only the main points. As the group for which the seminar was aimed at was educated in medical field and knew almost as much as I knew regarding the topic, discussion method was used. FEELING Initially, I was a bit anxious and nervous as I had to present in front of a gathering. Stage fright was bit of a concern. But regardless of that, I was able to present my topic well as there was a positive environment to support me. Great reflection also results from the positive environment offered to the presenter (Brookfield,1995). I felt more and more confident as the discussion started and I was able to answer all the doubts. My assessor also helped me. At the end of the seminar I felt satisfied with my work and happy that I was able to complete the task given to me. EVALUATION Even though with all the hassles, I was able to provide a brief description of the topic. It covered most of the areas and provided a clear picture regarding Urinary Tract Infection to the people gathered. Interactive secessions were carried out providing group involvement thus making the secession interesting. The various queries were dealt with proper explanation providing the accurate knowledge. ANALYSIS I got positive feedback from my assessor. By conducting the presentation, I was able to offer a brief description about the Urinary Tract Infection, its definition, occurrence, epidemiology, types, pathophysiology, its symptoms and management. I got good support from my assessor and audience who prompted me to do the presentation well. They were able to acquire knowledge regarding UTI and for some it offered a boost to their knowledge. CONCLUSION This presentation offered me an opportunity to develop my talent and skills in presentation. The group was able to understand and comprehend the information offered to them. Experiences were shared which brought in new information and made the discussion and thus the seminar more interesting. The assessors offered a positive feedback for my presentation. This experience helped me overcome my fears and gave me confidence to perform more presentation in my work place or future carrier pathway. ACTION PLAN After performing the reflective presentation, I came up with the following action plan. Firstly Expand my knowledge regarding various presentation methods and new trends in nursing. I will attend training and perform self motivated studies to update my knowledge regarding Urinary Tract Infection and its latest managements. Practice the information acquired for the safe management of UTI in my place of work. I will also do similar presentations in my area of work to expand the knowledge to my co workers and boost my skills in presentations as well. REFERENCE Amdekar, S; Singh, V, Singh, DD (2011). Probiotic therapy: immunomodulating approach toward urinary tract infection..Current microbiology63(5): 484–90. Atkins, S. and Murphy, K. (1994).Reflective Practice, Nursing Standards, 8(39)49-56 Baker, P. (2000). Writing a Literature Review.The Marketing Review1(2) 219-47. Bradbury, A (2007) Successful Presentation Skills. 3rd Edition, MPG Books Ltd; 4:60-68 Brookfield, S (1995), Developing critical thinkers: challenging adults to explore alternative ways of thinking and acting. Milton Keynes: Open University Press Colgan, R and Williams, M (2011). Diagnosis and treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis.† Family physician84(7): 771–6. Gibbs G (1988), Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods,5:30-40 Jasper, M (2003) Beginning Reflective Practices, Foundation in nursing and health care. Nelson Thornes Publishers, 1-6 Johns, C. and Grahanm, J. (1996). Using a Reflective Model of Nursing and Guided Reflection, Nursing Standards 11(2) 34-38 Juthani-Mehta M, et al. (2009). Clinical features to identify urinary tract infections in nursing home residents: a Cohort study.J Am Geriatr Soc;57:963–970. NHS CHOICES. (2014) Urinary Tract Infection in Adults [Online] July 2014. Available from: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Urinary-tract-infection-adults/Pages/Introduction.aspx . [ Accessed : 22 july 2014] Oxford dictionaries. 2014 Definition of presentation. Avaliable from: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/presentation.html. (Accessed on 19/08/14) Theobald, T (2013) Develop Your Presentation Skills 2nd Edition, Kogan Page Publishers, 161-168. SKILLS YOU NEED. (2014) Presentation Skills [Online] 2014 Available from : http://www.skillsyouneed.com/present/what-is-a-presentation.html . [ Accessed : 22 july 2014] Smyth J (1989): Developing and sustaining critical reflection in teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education 40(2)2-9

Reasons to End Social Poisoning on the Internet Essay -- Censorship Cy

Reasons to End Social Poisoning on the Internet [NOTE: Many of the links the student refers to are no longer active.] While spreading the word of knowledge to the masses, the internet simultaneously dispenses social poisons. Many of the recipients are, unfortunately, children, and despite the American policy of free-speech, this kind of unintentional inculcation must stop. One of the problems lies in the fact that the right to criticize and the right to display "poisonous" material are one in the same: The Right of Freedom of Speech. But should a clear and present danger to social health take priority over the rights of an individual? Does the individual even have power? In Digital Literacy, Paul Gilster observes that "A global web of communications... points to a viruslike spread of ideas" (Gilster 27). Should society protect its youth from this "viruslike spread" by regulating content on the internet? These questions are tough to answer, but this paper will address them, introduce a socially harmful hate site, and reveal why society needs to be rid of the poison on the internet. One of the problems with social contemplation on this subject, though, is that this situation is relatively unknown to history. Though the power structure of the internet has been compared to centralized government, decentralized government and social anarchy, Jess Holbrook, in a discussion on November 24, accurately cited the internet as being "unlike anything else we’ve ever seen." So perhaps time should be taken to evaluate the effects of the internet on not just the nation’s youth, but the nation in general. While the evaluation is taking place, the presence of these social poisons on the internet must be recognized. The American Nazi ... ... real life himself, only the former is readily available to children. There needs to be a body which regulates the poison on the internet and makes it safe for the child to "surf the net." Not all sites on the internet are terrifying and problematic. But imagine a black child, whose ancestors survived the slave trade, coming across the American Nazi Party site, and "learning" that they are evil because of their skin color. No child should be exposed to this. Works Cited - Bolter, David Jay. Writing Space; The Computer, Hypertext, and the History of Writing. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Hillsdale, New Jersey; 1991. - Gilster, Paul. Digital Literacy. Wiley Computer Publishing. New York. - Hall III, William B. "American Nazi Party." 28 November 1998. 5 December 1998 <http://home.earthlink.net/~wbhall/>. - Landow, George P. Hypertext 2.0. Johns Hopkins.

NGOs and Domestic Violence against Women in Pakistan Essay

To start with, non- governmental organizations assist in the collection and documentation of data regarding violence against women in Pakistan. Due to their passionate and active involvement in the whole issue of violence against women, these groups have been able to collect and document most of the information that is associated with this subject. Aspects such as the regional preference of violence against women are well documented. It is clearly indicated that women in rural areas of Pakistan are the most vulnerable group when it comes to violence against women. Due to reasons such as illiteracy and little exposure of the people in these regions, the males still respect the outdated behavior of male superiority and all that they do when the women are perceived to have made any mistake is to beat them up. Other practices that are still being carried out in the rural parts of Pakistan that are considered oppressive to women include the qasas, the hudood, karokari and early marriages of young girls to adult men (Kumar, 2005). Other crucial details that can be obtained from the records kept by these organizations are the type of violence that is common in Pakistan, the various bodies that are involved in the fight against violence against women, the success levels of the efforts and the effects of violence against women in Pakistan. Aurat Publication and Information Service Foundation was registered in 1986 and it stores information on the welfare of women in Pakistan. There is also the Applied Social Research organization that was established and registered in 1983 and Simorgh- Women’s Resource and Publication Centre that are rich sources of information on women’s affairs including violence against women in Pakistan. Apart from the above, non- governmental organizations in Pakistan play another vital role of direct provision of skills that assist the women in attaining economic independency. Their philosophy in this is that an economically empowered woman will not run to her male companion now and then for assistance thus reducing chances of being subjected to violence. Hawwa Associates as a non-governmental organization has offered support to women involved in making handicrafts in Pakistan for a very long period (Asian Development Bank, n. d). The Adult Basic Education Society has been in existence since nineteen seventy two and has undertaken the training of girls in non- formal education as a major project. It has also carried out a multi-grade teaching training for Pakistani women in the Rawalpindi Division. This project ran from 1998 to 2001. The Association for Creation of Employment trained women on how to secure training and get employment in the year 1997. They were also given training on how to handle businesses and access micro-credit facilities for their businesses (Association for the Development of Pakistan). Behbud Association is another non-governmental organization that is deeply involved in the tackling of violence against women in Pakistan through female empowerment. Established in nineteen seventy, Behbud Association has carried out major projects such as the skills training of 1971 and the education project of 1971. All these projects were carried out in Karachi, the capital city of Pakistan and the main aim was to empower women with skills that are supposed to give them an economic edge. The Bunyad Literacy Community Council has also carried out major empowerment projects such as the women development project of 1998 and the empowerment for poverty alleviation project of 1999. Caritas was established in 1965 and registered in 1980. It opened handicraft centers for women in 1998 and developed an education program for working girls in the same year. It‘s area of operation is around Punjab in Lahore. Also, there is the De Laas Gul Welfare Program that was established in 1976 but got formal registration in 1988. With vocational training as its thematic area; it has a running tailoring training project for women. This tailoring project commenced in 1997. TheAga Khan Development Network has also participated in women empowerment through micro-finance (Aga Khan Development Network, n. d). The economic empowerment of women in Pakistan has led to the reduction of gender based violence albeit not to the desired levels. The provision of counseling services to victims of domestic violence in Pakistan has always been the concern of non-governmental organizations. Bedari was established in the year nineteen ninety two and deals mainly with the psychological health of women. Those caught up in the confusion of domestic violence always access counseling services from Bedari. It is obvious that victims of violence always end up suffering from trauma as well as other psychological disturbances that can only be dealt with through the provision of psychotherapy. Theater services are offered in villages by this organization with its objective of psychological health as its major theme. Behbud Association also handles women’s health issues and was able to deal with distress management and rehabilitation of the victims of violence back in 1971 (Daiya, 2002). The role of educating the public and making it aware of the concerns of women in Pakistan is also taken up by non governmental organizations. Issues such as domestic violence that leads to grave injuries of women and sometimes even death are always brought out to the public by non governmental organizations working in Pakistan. For reasons such as that of being perceived as being weak and ineffective by its own people and a watching world, the Pakistani government does not come out to inform the general public the state of violence against women in the country. And this is where the non-governmental organizations come in handy. Ways of understanding and combating violence against women are taught to the public and the state of abuse of women is disclosed. The All Pakistan Women’s Association established in nineteen forty nine and registered in nineteen sixty five carries out the crucial role of educating the public on women’s issues. It handles the moral, social and economic concerns of Pakistani women and the one of the ways by which it does this is by educating the public and raising awareness on matters pertaining to violence against women. Violence against women takes many forms such as sexual violence, economic violence, verbal violence that comes in form of verbal abuses as well as the common physical violence that leads to bodily harm of the victim. The All Pakistan Women’s Association avails this information to the public (Persona Blog, 2007, All Pakistan Women’s Association). Besides the above, non-governmental organizations in Pakistani protect the rights of women as a role in the whole issue of violence against women. They ensure that there is no discrimination of women in the country as far as the sharing of resources is concerned. The Mothers’ Trust and the National Research and Development Foundation are at the forefront in pushing forward the rights of women. Vocational training aimed at giving women a leap so as to catch up with their male counterparts is done by the Mothers’ Trust while the National Research and Development Foundation has handled the rights of women through projects such as the Ulema and Women’s Rights project of 1998. These non governmental organizations that are involved in the push for the preservation of the rights of women also go a head to ensure that government and private enterprises that do not recognize the rights of women as human rights are exposed and pressurized to grant women equal rights like their male counterparts. Thus informing women about their rights is not the only way through which these organizations push for the recognition of the rights of women. Through coordination and networking with other organizations and government agencies, they are able to ensure that females are given full protection by the law through enforcement of penalties that are meant for those who overstep the line and subject women and girls to violence of whatever form. Far from the above, non-governmental organizations in Pakistan perform the important role of assisting women in developing action plans for their activities. Most of these organizations are international and therefore possess lots of skilled manpower. This skilled manpower always comes in handy when the women of Pakistan are supposed to come up with comprehensive ways of dealing with the issues that affect them. Therefore the design and development of work plans, action agenda and execution strategies is done by the trained members of these organizations who go a head to train the local women on how to do these things on their own (Women Empowerment Literacy and Development Organization). The Sustainable Development Policy Institute that was established and registered in 1992 has assisted Pakistani women in coming up with action plans for a long time. The Bunyad Literacy Community Council has also undertaken training programs for women focusing on how to shape their agenda as they fight for their place in society in Pakistan (Sustainable Development Policy institute). Non-governmental organizations also play the role of lobbyists in the area of legislation. The driving motivation or interest is to have laws favoring women passed by the country’s legislative body which is the Pakistani parliament. They also lobby so that laws that condemn women are dropped from the establishment. The reduction in the powers of the country’s backward traditions is as a result of the hard work done by non-governmental organizations through their lobbying. Their lobbying activities are normally done by writing to the legislators, buying spaces and airtime for advertisements in the country’s print and electronic media and holding demonstrations when there are signs of a possible negative legislation. Leaving the above aside, non- governmental organizations in Pakistan play the role a catalyst in the encouragement of local women to participate in social processes that are geared towards the betterment of their lives. There is common understanding that there can be no meaningful change of any kind if the rural women are not involved in the whole activism process. The role of making the grassroots women active in matters pertaining to opposition to violence meted out on women is therefore the work of non-governmental organizations and community based organizations in Pakistan. Through activities such as the theater programs as well as the training activities carried out by organizations such as the Mothers’ Trust, Pakistani women are mobilized and energized and this makes it easy for them to receive the targeted or intended information that is geared towards making them change their behavior so as to reduce chances of being caught up in the mess of gender based violence. This mobilization is also vital when it comes to areas where their numbers are needed to push for a particular agenda. For example if a certain piece of legislation is supposed to be passed and its impact on the lives of women will be devastating, the huge numbers of mobilized women will come out and effectively shut down the legislation by putting pressure on the legislators. If the law is beneficial to women and it is threatened with being shot down, the huge numbers of mobilized women can also come out and pressure the law makers into enacting the law. This mobilization works to the best advantage of the women (Farman). Another equally important role that is performed by non-governmental organizations in Pakistan as far as violence against women is concerned is that they act as safe havens for abused women. It is not surprising that some of the non governmental organizations operating in Pakistan run homes and centers where women and girls who are abused are given temporary hosing or accommodation till conditions that they are running away from are changed. In these homes or centers, the women and girls are provided with food, clothing, shelter as well as education. They are also provided with health facilities. It is not uncommon to find schools and hospitals within these centers or homes meant for the rescued victims (Behbud Association, n. d). Also, the world has come to understand the position of women in Pakistan not through the efforts of the government of Pakistan but through the loud cries of the non governmental organizations that are handling women’s issues in Pakistan (NGO NET portal on women and children’s human rights, 2008). Since the government is always ashamed of the poor state of women’s rights, they shut down any attempt to tell the world what is going on inside Pakistan as far as women’s issues are concerned. The non-governmental organizations, especially the international ones that are based in other countries such as Britain and the United States of America serve as informers to the rest of the world concerning the state of affairs of women in Pakistan. It is possible that without these non-governmental organizations within Pakistan, the world will be unable to know what the Pakistani woman is going through (Shaheen, 2002). In addition to the above, the non-governmental organizations serve as points of direct employment for victims of violence. Most of the women and girls who are rescued from abusive relationships within the Pakistani society undergo a period of treatment so as to clear trauma. After this treatment, they are given some duties within these organizations so that they are able to earn a wage which they use to meet their needs. In addition to teaching them some bit of responsibility and earning them a living, these people assist the organizations in doing some of the duties that they are supposed to do without spending so much (Association of business professional and agricultural women Pakistan). Moving away from the above, the non-governmental organizations in Pakistan also play the role of a vigorous campaigner as far as violence against women is concerned. Apart from the areas of education and creating awareness, the non-governmental organizations campaign with a lot of energy against this form of violence which reduces women to sub humans. They reach out to remote villages with clear messages on why men should treat their women and girls with dignity and respect as opposed to disrespect and abuse. The greater part of the campaign against violence that is directed towards women is carried out by these organizations with the Pakistani government only playing a facilitating role. The messages that are given out through the print and electronic media, the conferences, workshops, and seminars on the protection of the rights of women and girls are sponsored by non governmental organizations working within the boundaries of Pakistan (Khan, 2008). As a result of their duplicated roles and sometimes lack of transparency as well as political interference, the non-governmental organizations have also created confusion in Pakistan in the field of violence against women. This has led to the divergence from the key message and the failure to achieve the set goal of total freedom for the Pakistani woman. This is an unfortunate role that some of the non-governmental organizations working in Pakistan have found themselves playing (Raza & Ghauri, 2005, Chetia, 2007). In conclusion, it is clear the non-governmental organizations in Pakistan play numerous roles as far violence against women is concerned. They act as sources of data on this crucial subject, equip abused women with skills as a way of empowering them, they offer counseling services for the victims of violence, they educate the public, and assist women in coming up with action plans. They also assist in legislation through lobbying; mobilize women at the grassroots, act as safe haven for victims of violence, act as the eyes of the world, offer direct employment to women and act as campaigners against this vice. They also play the negative role of creators of confusion in the fight against violence against women due to political intervention, corruption and role duplication. References: Aga Khan Development Network, (n. d), AKDN in Pakistan. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://www. akdn. org/pakistan Asian Development Bank, (n. d): Gender and Development: Training Program for Women Artisans – HAWWA Associates. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://www. adb. org/gender/working/pak003. asp Association for the Development of Pakistan. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://forums. developpakistan. org/viewtopic. php? p=1370&sid=3c1089e69fe80705b96ea4c05cd43ccc Association of business professional and agricultural women Pakistan: Voluntary Social Welfare Agencies. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://www. abpaw. cjb. net/ Behbud Association, (n. d); Karachi Family Health Centers. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://xiber. com/behbud/health. htm Chetia, N. , (2007); Pakistani Women in Politics. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://www.iknowpolitics. org/node/1900 Daiya, K. , (2002): â€Å"Honourable Resolutions†: Gendered Violence, Ethnicity, and the Nation. Alternatives Journal: Global, Local, Political, Vol. 27, 2002 Khan, A. N. , (2008); Peace, Justice, Democracy: Country Report: Pakistan. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://groups. google. co. ke/group/peace-justice-democracy/browse_thread/thread/a33dc1bedb152c18? hl=en&ie=UTF-8&q=roles+of+NGOs+in+pakistan+on+violence+against+women#e020275ebdbf7d8c Kumar, M. , (2005); The Hidden Conflict: False Optimism and Silent Strategy in Kashmir. Harvard International Review Journal, Vol. 26 NGO NET portal on women and children’s human rights, (2008). Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://www. netbaz. org/ Persona Blog, (2007): Role of women rights organizations in Pakistan. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://spot. bz/blogs/fun2shhspotbz/2008/05/07/role-of-women-rights-organization-in-pakistan/ Raza, S. & Ghauri, I. , (2005); Feudalism, tribalism engendering bias Musharraf lambastes NGOs for ‘demonizing’ Pakistan. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://forum. atimes. com/topic.asp? TOPIC_ID=3609 Shaheen, (2002); Insufficient Protection of Women: Amnesty Report on Pakistan. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://groups. google. co. ke/group/soc. culture. pakistan/browse_thread/thread/afdb81b2097e893a? hl=en&ie=UTF-8&q=women%27s+NGOs+in+pakistan#df815d5af7e911d1 Sustainable Development Policy institute: Know your rights. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://www. sdpi. org/know_your_rights/ngo. htm#allpak Women Empowerment Literacy and Development Organization. Retrieved on the 30th December, 2008 from: http://www. weldo. org/

A Midsummer Nights Tragedy

A Midsummer Nights Tragedy Certain parallels can be drawn between William Shakespeare's plays, 'A Midsummer Night's Dream', and 'Romeo and Juliet'. These parallels concern themes and prototypical Shakespearian character types. Both plays have a distinct pair of 'lovers', Hermia and Lysander, and Romeo and Juliet, respectively. Both plays could have also easily been tragedy or comedy with a few simple changes. A tragic play is a play in which one or more characters is has a moral flaw that leads to his/her downfall. A comedic play has at least one humorous character, and a successful or happy ending. Comparing these two plays is useful to find how Shakespeare uses similar character types in a variety of plays, and the versatility of the themes which he uses.In 'Romeo and Juliet', Juliet is young, 'not yet fourteen', and she is beautiful, and Romeo's reaction after he sees her is,'O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!It seems she hangs upon the cheek of nightAs a rich jewel in an Ethiop's earBeauty to ri ch for use, for the earth too dear!'Juliet is also prudent, 'Although I joy in thee, I have no joy in this contract tonight.Romeo and Juliet,Act I- Scene_1It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden.' She feels that because they have just met, they should abstain from sexual intercourse.Hermia is also young, and prudent. When Lysander suggests that 'One turf shall serve as a pillow for both of us, One heart, one bed, two bosoms, and one troth,' Hermia replies 'Nay, good Lysander. For my sake, my dear, Lie further off yet; do not lie so near.' Although this couple has known each other for a while (Romeo and Juliet knew each other for one night when the above quote was spoken), Hermia also abstains from even...

University of Arizona GPA, SAT and ACT Admissions Data

University of Arizona GPA, SAT and ACT Admissions Data University of Arizona GPA, SAT and ACT Graph University of Arizona GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores for Admission. Data courtesy of Cappex. How Do You Measure Up at the University of Arizona? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex. Discussion of the University of Arizonas Admissions Standards: Admission to the University of Arizona isnt prohibitively selective, and most students with decent grades and test scores have a very good chance of getting in. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of successful applicants had A or B averages in high school, and they had combined SAT scores of about 950 or higher and ACT composite scores of 18 or higher. Having scores and grades above that lower range clearly increases your chance of getting an acceptance letter. Note that grades are far more important than standardized test scoresapplicants do not need to submit SAT or ACT scores when applying to the University of Arizona, although they are required for merit scholarships, the UA Honors College and the College of Engineering. Note that there are a few red dots (rejected students) and yellow dots (waitlisted students) hidden behind the green and blue on the right hand side of the graph. Some students with grades and test scores that appeared to be on target for Arizona were not admitted. Note also that some students were accepted with test scores and grades that were below the norm. This is because Arizonas admissions folks look at more than numerical data. For one, they will look at the rigor of your high school courses as well as your grades. Also, the Arizona application asks about applicants extracurricular activities and work experiences. The application also includes a personal statement that gives you an opportunity to put your grades and test scores in context. To learn more about the University of Arizona, high school GPAs, SAT scores and ACT scores, these articles can help: University of Arizona Admissions ProfileWhats a Good SAT Score?Whats a Good ACT Score?Whats Considered a Good Academic Record?What is a Weighted GPA? Articles Featuring the University of Arizona: Top Mountain State Colleges and UniversitiesPhi Beta KappaPac 12 Conference If You Like the University of Arizona, You May Also Like These Schools Students looking for a large (20,000 undergraduates enrolled) school in the southwest, other options include  Grand Canyon University, The University of Texas at  Arlington,  Austin,  San Antonio, or  El Paso, and  Northern Arizona University. These schools vary widely in terms of accessibility, with the University of Texas in Austin being the most selective, and El Paso the most accessible. All of these schools, like the University of Arizona, offer a wide range of programs and a strong showing in athletics.

English Arbitration Act 1996 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

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Effective leaders_WK4 - Research Paper Example Furthermore, given that majority of transportation infrastructure investments are federally funded even though locally implemented, such a piecemeal method halts constrains smooth assimilation of local and state policies with those of the federal government. This then hinders the President and transportation secretary to offer synergies across projects. Furthermore, the existing federal NextGen transportation policies, are steered by the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act (SAFETEA-LU), which does not help the President to deal with the utilization of economic analysis for the transportation decision-making (Weiner, 2013). Given that the transportation program does not have a greater standardization or lucidity, the President cannot be able to come up with an executive-level modification without substantive legislation. Najeeb Halaby is an example of an effective leader in public administration, since in 1965 as administrator of the independent Federal Aviation Agency; he proposed the creation of Department of Transportation (2013). He saw this as a means of securing decisively the US transportation policy expansion. Thanks to his efforts, the agency has done tremendous job over the years by being part of the executive departments which integrated other administration transportation programs. Secondly, Samuel K. Skinner, a former transportation secretary appointed by President Bush senior, initiated the formation of the National Transportation Policy, as well as the extension of the department responsibility in crisis management reaction. Hence, the handling of subsequent natural and human induced disasters, such as Lockerbie plane bombings in 1988 and Exxon Valdez oil spill in 1989 were made easier by his policies of maintaining and developing the national transportation system, and to ensure that it

Land Law Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Land Law Coursework - Essay Example A property possessed by an individual via the legal provision of the government holds several legal clauses that bind the owner to the government policies. Knowledge of the law and the clauses it presents in property guide and ownership holds a major fraction in maintaining order after property acquisition. My essay is centered on two cases that depict instances that land laws require careful consideration before judgment is issued on rightful ownership. Part A Bramble farm The coming into force of the LRA (2002) signifies a change from a system of registration of title to a system where registration gives a person title to the land (Gatty, 2003). Previously, what were used were the 1925 reforms, which proved to be cumbersome and sometimes problematic. 1. Therefore, in the case of Rose, she was a previous co-owner to the land but her name was not included on the register as a co-proprietor, which in itself raises problems. Under the old system, a purchaser of land bound whether or no t he had notice of the existence of such interest1 but it depended on whether the interest was commercial or family in nature. Where it was commercial interest, the interest could not shift to the purchaser when it came to selling that land.2 In this case, Mr. Hay would not be bound by the understanding in two parties, as he was not privy to it. 2. When it comes to the matter of executable deed where Mr. Wood had a six-year lease, the law stipulates that where there is a legal lease even though not registered, it would bind Mr. Hay as an overriding interest within schedule 3 paragraph 1.3 Woods contract though not protected by the register would still be binding as an overriding interest within schedule 3 paragraph 2 (LRA, 2002), and that would be if woods was actually occupying the said cottage. However, since he never occupied it his interest in that land would cease to exist and the leasehold giving him the option to buy freehold of the cottage will not suffice. 3. In the case of right of easement or right of way, the law recognizes the right of a third party over somebody else’s land and it does not matter for whatever reason it maybe. This law applied to both lands when focusing on their registry. In this case, Mr. Plant and his predecessor have been using the outbuilding as a short cut. Common law stipulates that where a user is of right and is in continuous usage of that way then he acquires the right of way and it does not matter whether he had permission or not (Smith, 2000). 4. Fixtures and fittings that are on the land become part of the land in that the proprietor and subsequent buyer of the land own them. Chattels, themselves, remain moveable property that do not attain and so are not part of the integral heritable property. Therefore, where there is no express agreement in the contract of sale that the chattels will remain, they may be removed from the land without any right of recourse (Saton, 2000). In order to determine whether an item is a fixture, the initial assessment is whether it is physically attached to the land. This includes plumbing, shelving and heating but not items that are resting on the land, such as statutes.4 The second assessment is the purpose of attachment whether it is for the enjoyment of the item or for purposes of improving the land. In D'Eyncourt v Gregory it was established that ornaments and strategically placed seating, as well as two statutes of lions in a hall, did form part of

Difference of Marketing Product and Service Essay Example for Free

Difference of Marketing Product and Service Essay A product is normally a thing that sold to people and mostly is tangible. Basically, the marketing of product is particularly focused on 4P’s in marketing mix namely product, price, place, and promotion (Ehmke Fulton Lusk, n. d. ). The marketer needs to analyze the major demand of customers in a specific market in order to find out a product that can respond the market demand. Firstly, it is necessary for marketers to focus on the strength as well as eliminate the vulnerabilities of marketed products in order to improve products to meet customer’s demand as much as possible. Secondly, the price is an important factor in product marketing because of the price must be set to match with the purchasing power of a target group. The marketer should understand the nature price of selling products. For example, the perfume price might be high because it is considered as luxury good and the instant-noodle price might be low because of it is considered as convenience good. Thirdly, the place of product marketing refers to distribution channels to deliver and sell the product to customers. Lastly, the marketer also needs to create the promotion on the product in order to persuade customers and motivate the sale in a short term. On the other hand, a service is the action that provide for customers and also has a different characteristics from the product (Milliman, 1997). Therefore, the service marketing is somewhat different from product marketing. The service marketing is generally used service marketing mix or 7P’s which is extended from 4P’s by adding people, process and physical evidence (Rafiq Ahmed, 1995). It is essential for any service industry to employ appropriate staffs or people. Hiring and training a good staff will impact positively on the organization because most of customers will judge the quality of service from staffs. Therefore, a company should hire a staff that has interpersonal skills, communication skills and good service know ledges in order to provide high quality of service to customers. In addition, process is a system used to support a company in delivering the service. Process also demonstrates the overall performance of the organization. For example, Macdonald consumers will get the order within 2 minutes. The marketer needs to focus on the process due to meet the customer’s satisfactory getting the service on time. Lastly, physical evidence is external factors that related to the environment around a service area impacting the customer’s impression. Fir Example, a Thai massage and spa uses eye-catching advertising billboard locating in front of the shop and traditional decoration and atmosphere to attract foreign customers. To sum up, the marketer generally uses 4P’s in product marketing including product, price, place and promotion. On the other hand, the service marketing involves 7P’s which people, price and physical evidence were added. Because of the difference in characteristics, there are more factors in service marketing and the marketer must more concern about the customer’s satisfactory during service time. Hence, the service marketing is somewhat different and also more complicated than product marketing. I think product and services marketing are significantly different because of characteristic of itself. The first characteristic of services marketing is intangibility; it cannot be seen, touched or felt prior consumption. On the other hands, product marketing is tangible, the customer is able to touch, feel, taste or smell the product either before or after purchasing. For example, when customers walk through a restaurant, they might get the food smell from the restaurant but they cannot know how well of service if they do not buy the menu. Secondly, products can be stored in order to sell to the customer in the next time whereas services marketing mostly are unable to be inventoried, they are perishable. Hence, the value of service always exists at the point when it is required. Therefore, it seems to be very difficult to match supply with demand in service marketing. Thirdly, the other difference of product and services marketing is the level of relationship between the client and provider. Undoubtedly, there is much more personal contact required in services marketing than product marketing. In case of product marketing, customers and sellers may face each other just once time when they are dealing products and they might have no chance to see each other again. However, in services marketing, consumers and service providers may have to see each other frequently throughout until the contract is ended or until the last thing that consumers expect to gain from a service provider. There is a difference in price setting between both marketing. With product marketing, the price is easy to set by calculating from value, the strength of a brand, the quality of material and the demand in market. Furthermore, the customer can ask for discount from vendors so there is high flexibility and a standard in the price setting of product marketing. On the other hand, service marketing is quiet difficult to set fairly price. Mainly, service companies have to calculate from the cost of hiring employees and servicing time. Some companies also charge initial fee and service taxes to customers. Additionally, the service price is considered less flexible because mostly consumers cannot ask for discount from service providers. Reference http://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/EC/EC-730.pdf

Reproductive Health Nursing | Reflection

Reproductive Health Nursing | Reflection One of the important domains of nursing care is to counsel the clients to promote their health and well-being. Counseling can be done for different purposes including personal hygiene antenatal care, and Family planning. Counseling about family planning is a challenging skill which is learnt by nurses during their training period and later on they use their skill as one of the essential parts of their job to ensure that client’s reproductive health is maintained. During my reproductive health community rotation, I came a cross with a 33 year old female, having 3 children and was living with her husband and in laws. I started my interview by greeting her and her family members and started doing family assessment by asking her about health status of the family members. During the interview, I came to know that the lady has one son and two daughters with the gap of hardly one year. Due to such little space between the children, the mother was not able to breast feed her children in an appropriate way. As I moved further during the interview and tried to explore the reason of least gap between her children. She explained this phenomenon by saying that however she used the contaceptive pills and injections to space her upcomimg pregnancy but the usage was not appropriate and she could not continue the pills and injections due to side effects. Due to this interrupted usage of short term contarceptive methods, she ended up with a preganncy without a n appropriate gap. Moreover, based on literature it has been found that shor term methods like condoms, injections and pills are prone to failure during typical usage and due to incorrect usage (Kost, Singh, Vaughan, Trussell, Bankole, 2008), while failure of long term methods like depot preparations or intrauterine devices is less and these methods are safe, with few side-effects and have with high continuation rate (Searle, 2014). There are multiple reasons for method failure including incorrect or inconsistent usage or uncertain effectiveness of the chosen method (Trussell Portman, 2013). When I asked her future plans about the usage of family planning methods, she was found to be very willing and ambitious for using appropriate methods for planning her next pregnancy with an appropriate gap. However, I got confused for a moment and became hesitant about discussion on such sensitive topic with my client but I advised her to use male method (condom) and she said her husband had been using this method but it was also not that much effective. As she said this sentence, my level of confidence went down and I got diverted from the actual topic of interest and started asking her about other health problems. In this way, the interview with client ended and I recognized that I was unable to help my client. After coming back from this community rotation, on one hand, I was happy to found a cooperative client who helped me to complete the assessment form and on the other hand, I was dissatisfied as I wasn’t able to ease my client to resolve her concern. Although, I was aware about family planning methods that might had helped my client but my counseling skills were not up to mark, therefore I could not help my client to develop insight for her problems. Furthermore, I could not prove to be a helpful person for her family as I could not address the needs of the family despite knowing that the client was supposed to be counseled for family planning in an appropriate way. Although, the concept of holistic approach for a client is comprehensible from theoretical aspect but sometimes it becomes difficult to apply the same concept in real life. This meeting with my client helped me to reflect on my limitations to assess the needs and counsel the family in an appropriate way. When I reflected , I identified several reasons of inappropriate counseling. The important and foremost reason was that it was my first experience therefore I wasn’t enough confident about the appropriate way of counseling particularly for such sensitive topics like Family Planning. In addition to this, I also found that before counseling the clients on such sensitive topics, one need to have appropriate skills and mastery which were lacking in me during the time of interview. I also realized that I had advised mother to use a family planning method which was not basically counseling rather a suggestion which was not enough to develop insight in my client about her problem. Secondly, I was not aware about different types of family planning methods, therefore I could not convince my client to use the methods which were suitable for her as I had not learned much about family planning and nor I have visited any family planning center at that point in time. Moreover, being a stude nt I was not comfortable to discuss such issues with my client which was related to reproductive and sexual health. In addition to this, I should have built strong rapport with my client that would have definitely assisted me to resolve the concern of my client. Apart from this, I should have allowed my client to deal with her feelings and make her own informed choices. This could have been supported by in-depth assessment of my client regarding the use of short term methods like pills, condoms and injections. This could have helped me to do a root cause analysis of method failure and which in turn would have helped me to come up with suitable solutions for her. I could have taken support from my theory class content regarding family planning before setting time with the client in the community. Moreover, I should have involved the husband during the counseling because pregnancy planning is not entire responsibility of woman herself but it is the joint responsibility of husband and wife. The support from partner is very important for adapting any contraceptive method. Quality of couple’s relationship and inter-spousal communication and its effect on contraceptive use has also been supported by literature (Akanbi,et al., 2011). Moreover spousal communication has been identified as a good predictor of contraceptive use and fertility preferences (Link, 2011). Secondly, the involvement of expert counselor of family planning would have become an excellent approach and I should have taken some ideas or skills from my reproductive health faculty before visiting the client herself. Besides this, integrated counseling frameworks of family planning such as GATHER or REDA frameworks could have applied practically in the community (The Acquire Project, 2008). These frameworks guide the health care providers to explore the problems of client systematically without breeching their confidentiality. Moreover, it also helps clients to make informed choices for themselves after having the in-depth knowledge about the suitable family planning methods. Due to my insufficient knowledge and experience, I could not apply these frameworks practically. Moreover, I should’ve done a mock exercise of counseling by taking help from my faculty who must have helped me by providing a platform for mock before going to community. For future, I would try to do the in depth assessment of the needs of a client by involving spouse as well. Moreover, I would try to get the expert opinion regarding family planning counseling by integrating different approaches of family planning counseling. This would enhance my knowledge about family planning counseling skills. Additionally, I would try to discuss such sensitive issues with the client by having enough knowledge about the family planning methods. I would also try to build a strong rapport with the client in order to discuss the issues related to sexual and reproductive health very openly and freely. In conclusion, I was very much satisfied because I was able to reflect on the whole event and also identified my limitations. This whole reflection and critical thinking helped me to develop future plan which would assist me in future to counsel the women regarding family planning methods in an appropriate way. Skilled Labour: Types and Shortage in Malaysia Construction Skilled Labour: Types and Shortage in Malaysia Construction The skilled labour in the construction industry generally refers to those who were being trained within a long period and they have brought some specialized technical industry skills in advancing the construction projects. Normally the works requiring the labour who has high degree of manual skill. The labour can be considered as a skilled labour if they are able to fulfill the requirement. Types of Skilled Labour According to the Construction Industry Skill Standards, CIDB (1998), there are many types of skilled labour. The following types are: Concretor Plasterer Bar Bender Carpenter Tiler Bricklayer Scalffolder Mobile Crane Operator Tower Crane Operator Earthwork Plant Operator Concretor A concretor builds the concrete structures parts such as columns, beams, floors and walls. The concrete can be mixed by hand or in concrete mixer or utilize ready-mixed concrete. The duties shall include the following: Identify materials for concrete mixture Pour concrete into formwork Mix concrete Place and compact concrete Perform curing of concrete Plasterer The duties of a plasterer at level 1 are to apply one coat of various kinds of plaster to walls as a finishes. The other duties include the following: Apply cement plaster to flat wall Apply cement render finish coat to flat walls Apply cement plaster to internal and external angles Apply finish coat to internal and external angles At level 2, they are necessary to apply a protective and decorative covering of plaster or render to the surfaces of building. The other duties include the following: Prepare overhead surfaces of plastering Fixing wire mesh to exterior surfaces before plastering Install plaster cornice and mouldings Plastering to overhead surfaces Apply granolithic or textured finish Bar Bender After cut and bend the reinforcement bars then bar benders are try to fix them into the forms of concrete. They also have to combine the bars together with wires or fasteners or by welding. After that, place the bars in forms and fixes them in position of reinforces concrete with wire mesh. The others duties include the following: Prepare tools and materials Fabrication of steel Install steel bars and wire mesh Carpenter The works include cutting, notching, boring, sinking, pelleting, fitting, trimming, mitreing, halving, morticing, tenoning, dovetailing, scarfing and wedging and for all ends, splayed edges, short lengths and temporary supports. The others duties include the following: Prefabricated the forms and fixes them into the right position Set out the correct position for fixing the forms Prepare any temporary support for the forms Dismantle the forms Tiler A tiler at level 1 has to place tiles to surface walls and floors according to specified designs which may include the process of applying plaster coat and cement mortar layer. The tiles shall be laid in rows and tapped them into place. Next, align the rows of tiles by using the spirit level. He also requires lying paving stones, bricks, and wood blocks. The others duties include the following: Apply finish coat to floor rendering Apply screed to receive tile Prepare vertical backing surface for wall tiling Set out and lay tiles on walls and floors Perform rendering and apply backing surface to lay the floor tiles Set out and lay paving on base During level 2, the tasks of a tiler will be more complicated. The tiler has to set more complex mosaic panels on walls, prepare and sets marble blocks, installs and repairs the parquet flooring and applies terrazzo finish to floors. The others duties include the following: Set out and lay tiles to soffit Set out and lay parquet and polyvinyl chloride tiles Set out and lay cast in-situ terrazzo Fix tiles to a curved wall Spreading and levelling of mortar mix Cutting and trimming units Perform polishing and grinding Bricklayer A bricklayer is responsible to lay bricks and blocks (except stones) by using various kinds of bonds in order to form the walls, partitions, arches and other structures at level 1. The others duties include the following: Worksite preparation Construct opening of brick wall Construct concrete masonry structures Construct attached and isolated pier They also work for more complex decorative structures at level 2 which may include repair to existing brickwork. The others duties include the following: Construct brick steps Construct glass block panel Construct curved wall Construct hollow block reinforced wall and column Construct complex arch Scaffolder A general scaffolder performs his basic skills and techniques for level 1. A scaffolder is to erect and dismantle various types of metal scaffolding such as platforms, upright and horizontal members. The others duties include the following: Selection and inspection of equipments Erection and dismantling of scaffold Maintenance of scaffold A tube and coupler scaffolder at level 2 is to erects and dismantle metal scaffolding which also include the following: Cantilevered and spurred scaffolds Cantilevered crane loading platforms Mast climbers Additional remarks: This standard applies to every metal tube scaffolding not exceeding 40 m in height and prefabricated scaffolding not exceeding 15 m in height. A Professional Engineers verification is requiring for the design and construction of scaffolding beyond those heights. Competency as general Scaffolder is an additional requirement in order to comply with these standards Mobile Crane Operator A mobile crane operator operates crane mounted on wheel or tracks which can be driven under his own control. The others duties include the following: Pre-operational check Post operational check Maintain the operation and maintenance of crane Tower Crane Operator As a tower crane operator needs to operate the crane that consists of a turning metal tower which moves on rails and equips at the top with a mobile or fixed jib. Normally the crane is supported the hoisting equipment. The others duties include the following: Pre-operational check Post operational check Operation and maintenance of the crane Earthwork Plant Operator An earthwork plant operator has to carry out the power driven machine mounted on wheels or crawler tracks equipped with all the movable shovel, grad bucket and etc. This machine is used during the excavation and motion of the earth, rock, and sand. The others duties include the following: Pre-operational check on machinery Ensure the operation of the equipment Factors that caused the Labour Shortage Problem Introduction The problem of labour shortage has being existed since 1970s. According to the Master Builders Association Malaysia (MBAM), with the implementation of 9th Malaysia Plan (9MP) and the letters of intent has been awarded to get projects under way, Malaysian construction industry has began to surface problem of labour shortage. We must pay more attention on the serious impacts that caused by this problems and appropriate actions must be taken at once in order to solve this problem effectively. Factors There are several factors that influence to the poor participation of labour in construction industry. The strong growth of the economy, poor image, lack of training system, large number of foreign labour were contribute to the shortage of labour in construction industry. Those factors are being listed below and adopted from the MBAM report, previous newspaper and the articles. Working Conditions and environment Most of the labours in the construction industry are worked in full time, and sometimes the working hours are more than 40 hours in a week. In 2008, there are about 18% of labour have worked 45 hours or more per week. They have to work until midnight if there are under special condition. They have no rest day in weekends or even public holiday. The construction labour usually does not get paid if they are unable to work due to the inclement weather. There are less people willing to participate in the construction works because of the working environment and the condition. According to MBAM report, the working environment for the skilled labour in the construction industry can be considered as not good enough. For instance, the location of the construction site is unstable and many of the buildings are only use for temporary purpose. So, they have to often move their dwelling place once the construction project has been completed. Therefore, the environment of the site is getting the severe air pollution and it will affect our health. In addition, some of the construction site is located at undeveloped area that lack of basic amenities. Other than that, majority of labour are work direct expose to the sun in the construction site. There are not so many people that capable work under this environment. Poor Welfare in Construction Industry Poor welfare is one of the factors that caused problem of labour shortage. This problem will occur when there are irresponsible contractors omitted to take out welfare such as SOCSO or EPF. Basically, welfare shall provide to the labour in accordance with the requirements. For example, contractors should provide comfortable temporary accommodations for the labour who works at outstation, but the contractors never fulfil their obligations and thus provide them a dirty and small place. Most of the people will take care what are the welfare they can get from the company. Once they cant get any protection from the company, they are not willing to join the construction industry. Government Policy in restricted the number of foreign labour Moreover, government policy in restricted the numbers of foreign labour join into construction industry is also one of the factors that caused the labour shortage problem happen. According to the Human Resources Minister Datuk Dr Fong Chan Onn said in Star Newspaper on 19 July 2000, the Malaysia planned to reduce the number of foreign labour drastically over the coming next few years. As a government policy that accordance with Berita Harian government policy on 29 February 2000, Deputy Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, it stated that one company not allowed hiring foreign labour which more than one third of their total number of company staff and each labour will not require to work more than eight years in Malaysia. So far according to The Sun on 1st July 1999, Prof. Datuk Abdul Rahman Abdullah, chief executive of Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB), there are not much Malaysian are interested to join in construction industry and almost 75% labours are come from other countries. Further to this, according to Deputy Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin on 20th May 2010, Malaysia will raise the levy on foreign workers in 2011, after having deferred the implementation last year. He said that the quantum of increase would vary based on the specific sectors which employ the foreign workers. After that, the policy is to reduce our dependency on foreign workers and this will be done in stages in the long run. According to the 2006/2007 Economic Report released on September 2006, Malaysia aims to reduce the number of foreign workers in the country from 1.84 million to 1.5 million by 2010. It is envisaged that by that time, only 200,000 foreign workers will remains in the construction industry. Thus through this government policy, Malaysias construction industry will have a big problem on this labour shortage. Sources: Ministry of Home Affairs Malaysia, personal correspondence. Department of Immigration, Pusat Bandar Damansara, Kota Kinabalu Kuching the Deaprtment of Labour Sarawak (letter from the department to writer dated 14 Mac 2005) Economy of Malaysia The economic that Malaysia has seen for last decade is one of the leading causes of the worker shortage. The economic always play an important role in the need for labour. There are many construction activities will be carried out during the peak period of economy, therefore the need for the labour is relatively become higher. On the contrary, the problem of labour shortage will occur when the economic downturn because the construction works will be delayed and suspended where the client is not capable to complete the progress payments. The labour cannot get the daily income which fixed by the client. Thus many of them will migrate to the other countries where necessary the construction labour work at their construction industry. Furthermore, while the economic is recovered, we may also face the problem in recruiting the workforce in construction industry since majority of them are already adapted their new working environment in other countries. Insufficient training system In Malaysia, the professional basic training is being deficiency. According to the 2005 Labour Shortage Action Plan, it became evident that the labour shortage problem is multilateral and has consequence from a wide range of interlinking factors. In addition, the learning and the training system that introduced by construction industry are not flexible to meet the changes of the progress of construction works at once. There is no opportunity for the unskilked labour being trained so that only the skilled labours are capable to carry out the more complicated works during construction works. According to the research information, it reveals that only 45% of construction companies involve learning and development training after all the major decisions have been made or during the final stages of the project. A further 9% do not involve in learning and development training at all. Other 27% of companies involve learning and developments training at the inception planning stages and in a further 19% of are introduced it at the initial implementation stage. Young Generations unwilling to take part in construction industry The poor image of construction industry can be defined into 3D syndrome attached to the industry. There are dirty, dangerous and difficult. In respect on this 3D syndrome, local youth would rather be unemployed despite working in the construction industry. The construction industry was considered dirty and it is unsatisfactory because most of the construction site is located at the undeveloped area and normally lack of basic amenities or public services. Most of the facilities which located at the construction site do not have well practices and also not comply under the requirements of governing construction activities. In Malaysia, there are minor issues those accidents on construction site. It is not only involve labour, but also cause badly injured and even death to the general public. All of this accident has results on poor participation of labour in construction industry. In certain circumstances, the construction activities can be very complicated due to the differentiation in type of the project as well as the surrounding project environment. Majority of youths are difficult to perform well during construction works. Moreover, it has the difficulties in maintaining the cooperative between the staff and the project team members. The youngsters with high level of educations are prefer to work under a good working condition such as office work rather than to work at site that always exposed to the sun.